فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1398)

This study was designed in order to evaluate the reliability and validity of Persian version of Social Phobia Scale (SPS).

The study sample consisted of 276 subjects (141 males & 135 females) who were selected via available sampling method. In order to collecting the data, after forward and backward translations of the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), this scale was used with the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) to examine the convergent and divergent validity. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation method. Also, in order to evaluate the differential validity, we used independent t-test, That it was calculated through the mean difference between two groups of clinical and non-clinical.

The findings of factor analysis indicated that this scale is unifactorial in the Iranian sample. Test-retest reliability was 0.88 and internal consistency of the scale was 0.91 using Cronbach's alpha, Correlation between the two half-tests was 0.80. Also, the correlation with Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) were 0.68 and 0.22, respectively. Also, in comparison with clinical and non-clinical group, independent t-test was shown two groups are significantly different in social phobia scales.

The Persian version of Social Phobia Scale (SPS) is a reliable and valid scale which can be used in Iranian society as a useful and valid tool for research in the clinical field.

The aim of this study was to prediction suicidal thoughts based on the five-factor personality traits with the mediatory of defense mechanisms.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens living in Karaj in the winter of 2018, among whom using two-step random and voluntary sampling 550 people were selected. The tools study included NEO Five-Factor Inventory ; Defense Style Questionnaire-40 Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation . For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used.

In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between neuroticism trait with suicidal thoughts was positive and significant( P=0.001). Also, the indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness trait with suicidal thoughts was negative and significant ( P=0.001).

Affects like shame and guilt feelings that arise from unconscious conflicts and self-blame in neuroticism personalities and the inability to delay the satisfaction of the person's wishes and impulses in those who lack a high level of conscientiousness can lead to relying on different defense mechanisms and avoid unpleasant internal emotions and engage in suicidal thoughts. It is suggested to authorities, clinicians, and therapists arrange general education that targets those types of defense mechanisms in target individuals who when violated, have suicidal thoughts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on experiential avoidance, cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its comparison with exposure and prevention response therapy

The present study is a pre-test and post-test semi experimental design. The study population in this study was all obsessive compulsive patients referring to Qazvin psychological services centers in 2018. 40 patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 20 (the first group was treated with transdiagnostic treatment and the second group was treated with ERP). In this study, variables such as age and sex were controlled. The tools used in the present study were: Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsory Inventory (YBOCS), Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire, , Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance QuestionnairQ( and cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and with using covariance analysis and paired t-test.

The results showed that transdiagnostic treatment significantly decreased experiential avoidance and also improved, cognitive emotion regulation, in patients with OCD (p <0.001). On the other hand, the effectiveness of frat diagnostic therapy on these variables (except obsessive thoughts) was different in ERP patients (p <0.05) and transdiagnostic treatment in reducing and experiential avoidance and improvement in, cognitive emotion regulation, are more effective than ERP treatment.

The results of the present study were discussed with regard to the studies conducted in this field and the content of the transdiagnostic treatment protocol and ERP treatment

Today, interventions to create a high psychological well-being in the age old have been prioritized for reasons such as decreasing physical capacity and the loss of social and occupational bases in the old age . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of four-dimensional physical-psychological interventions (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou method, compositional memorization, role playing, and combination method on the promotion of positive components of psychological well-being and Functional health among people age old ).

The sample consisted of 75 women aged 60-75 years old in Isfahan who were assigned to 5 groups of 15 (4 experimental and 1 control group) and received relevant interventions. The positive components of psychological well-being, including social interaction, life satisfaction, life expectancy, happiness and functional health in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were measured by standard or researcher-made tests.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect for all groups in all variables was significant (P = 0.001). Also, for the social interaction variable, the effect of Alexander's therapeutic approach, and for other research variables, is the effect of all three therapies (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou, and memory retrieval) more than other methods.

In order to increase psychological well-being in aging and to improve social interaction, life expectancy, happiness, life satisfaction and functional health, in this period, the use of psychosocial interventions in this research, namely, Alexander technique, dohsa-hou and memory retrieval, is recommended.

Considering to the presence of affective swings and stress in the lives of married couples facing divorce, the aim of present study was to investigate effectiveness of the Emotional Safety Model instruction on the positive and negative affects and marital stress of Bushehr’s coupleson the brink of divorce.

The research method was quasi experimental. Population consisted all couples referred to courts in Bushehr for divorce, that the 50 participants selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control(n=25). Data collected by Stockholm Marital Stress Scale – Tehran and Positive and Negative Affect Scale and analyzed by a MANCOVA analysis.

Instructional strategy of Emotional Freedom was effective to decrease the negative effects, as well as, marital stress (p<0/01) in the couples of experimental group, whereas no significant effect found for positive affect.

In general, emotional safety training could decrease the marital stresses and negative affect in couples with marital problems. Hence, consultants and psychologists are recommended to use this model to reduce problems of couples involved in emotional and stress problems. 

 The purpose of this research was to examine the cognitive performance in schizophrenic and obsessive-compulsive patients based on WAIS-R   and to compare them in verbal and practical intelligence of the test.

 An expose-facto design was applied in which 24 subjects (12 from each group) were selected with convenience sampling method in 2018 in two cities of Arak and Khomein. The participants of both group were assessed using WAIS-R. The data was analyzed by one smple t-test and MANOVA statistical analysis.

 Results were shown significantly difference for verbal and none-verbal intelligence in obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenia patients regarding the criteria of M=100 and m=10 for every subscales.  Significantly lower means were also observed for schizophrenia patients rather than OCD patients.

 These results indicated lower than normal vebal and none-verbal intelligence in both groups and cognitive performance for patients with schizophrenia compared to the OCD patients was lower as well. The observed differences were more robust in practical subscales   than verbal. These results are generalizable to Behzisti patients. 

The aim of the present study was to introduce the theoretical bases and stages of the development and effectiveness of Sweet Foods Specific-Inhibitory Control Training. This training was first designed as a mobile app to reduce the sweet foods choice and intake among children.

A single subject study with A-B-A design was used. Three primary school children with extreme obesity were selected by purposeful sampling. Measurement were performed using Food Craving Questionnaire-Reduced, Bogus Taste Test and Food Intake Test. Then, the intervention sessions were conducted in 7 sessions of individual training and follow-up was completed two months later. Visual analysis of graphs, trend index, stability, percentage of non-overlapping and overlapping data and effect size were used for data analysis.

The results showed that inhibition control training through this mobile application not only reduced the children's craving for sweet foods (d = 1.16), but also reduced the sweet food choice (d = 1.48) and sweet food intake (d = 1.48).

The results confirm the effectiveness of this application as a low-cost, short-term preventive and therapeutic tool for reducing craving, sweet food choice and intake among children.

Depressed women more tolerated stress and negative emotions than normal women and their lives changes are higher. The aim of this research was comparing the effectiveness of enhancement- based cognitive-behavioral therapy and classical cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and quality of life in depressed women.

This study is semi-experimental that using pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population of this study included all women who were referred for treatment depression in year 2017 that selected by available sampling. The sample included 40 depressed women were randomly assigned in three groups of enhancement- based cognitive-behavioral therapy, classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and a control group. In all three groups depression and quality of life questionnaire was administered and data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that both classic cognitive-behavioral therapy and enrichment-based cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in reducing depression and enhancing quality of life but there was no significant difference between the two treatments.

Classic and enrichment-based cognitive-behavioral therapies can be used to reduce depression and improve quality of life in depressed women.